What is fuel rate in Blast Furnace?
The development target is low fuel and high PCI rate, if the fuel rate is 500 kg/t, the target of PCI rate should be 230-300 kg/t. Some blast furnaces have formed a new parallel fuel structure that the consumption of coal is nearly equal to that of coke.
What is stack in blast furnace?
function in blast furnaces … between the hearth and the stack; a vertical shaft (the stack) that extends from the bosh to the top of the furnace; and the furnace top, which contains a mechanism for charging the furnace. Finally, the fifth and topmost section, through which the charge enters the furnace, is the throat.
Why is Coke added to the blast furnace?
Carbon is more reactive than iron, so it can displace iron from iron(III) oxide. Step 2 – More coke is added to the furnace and reduces the carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide, a good reducing agent.
What is the waste gas in a blast furnace used for?
The gas product from iron ore smelting when hot air passes over coke in blast ovens; contains carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen and is used as fuel gas.
How is slag formed in a blast furnace?
Blast furnace slag (BFS) is a by-product from iron production in blast furnaces, which are fed by a mixture of iron-ore, coke and limestone. In the process, the iron ore is reduced to iron while all remaining materials form the slag, which is tapped off as a molten liquid and cooled.
Is blast furnace slag a pozzolan?
The use of pozzolan in cement provides economic advantages and improves the physico-mechanical properties of cement. Fly ash and blast furnace slag are widely used in cement as pozzolanic materials. It was concluded that obsidian was equivalent to blast furnace slag as a pozzolan.
Is blast furnace slag toxic?
When SSRS compares with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) from iron making, steel slag contains toxic ingredients such as nickel, cadmium, chromium and strontium. These compounds could be harmful not only for environment but also for human health [9,10].
Is slag safe to handle?
The slag dust also is dangerous for adults, who are exposed to levels nearly twice what’s considered safe. However, adults would have to work “an entire workday, most days of the year,” to be harmed.
Is slag a carcinogen?
Carcinogenicity: Slag is not listed as a carcinogen by IARC or NTP; however, slag contains trace amounts of crystalline silica and hexavalent chromium which are classified by IARC and NTP as known human carcinogens.
Is slag hazardous material?
Slag was tested by EPA standards and found to be non-hazardous.
What is slag dumping?
When iron ore rock melts in a furnace, the impurities separate from the iron and turn into a molten rock called slag. The mills used to ship this slag off in insulated slag train cars, to be dumped off the side of cliffs into one of many eponymous “slag dumps”.