What did Christopher Wren built in London?
Wren designed 53 London churches, including St. Paul’s Cathedral, as well as many secular buildings of note. He was a founder of the Royal Society (president 1680–82), and his scientific work was highly regarded by Isaac Newton and Blaise Pascal. He was knighted in 1673.
Who commissioned St Paul’s Cathedral?
Christopher Wren
Who was one of the commissioners responsible for the act for rebuilding the City of London?
With an urgent need to rebuild the City of London, the Rebuilding of London Act 1666 (long title ‘An Act for rebuilding the City of London’) was drawn up by Sir Matthew Hale. This act was passed in February 1667 and outlined the form and content of rebuilding work to be undertaken.
Who helped Christopher Wren?
Wren’s greatest opportunity in architecture came with the rebuilding that followed the fire of London of 1666. Appointed Commissioner for Rebuilding the City of London in that year he carried out a survey of the area destroyed by the fire with the help of three surveyors, one of whom was Robert Hooke.
What lesson did Christopher Wren teach us in the story?
Not for his own but for the public good. In 1666, Sir Christopher Wren submitted a plan to reconstruct St. Paul’s Cathedral.
Why was Christopher Wren knighted?
Wren was knighted on 14 November 1673. This honour was bestowed on him after his resignation from the Savilian chair in Oxford, by which time he had already begun to make his mark as an architect, both in services to the Crown and in playing an important part in rebuilding London after the Great Fire.
Where is Christopher Wren buried?
St. Paul’s Cathedral, London, United Kingdom
What did Christopher Wren design in Cambridge?
In 1664 and 1665, Wren was commissioned to design the Sheldonian Theatre in Oxford and a chapel for Pembroke College, Cambridge and from then on, architecture was his main focus. Wren did design 51 new city churches, as well as the new St Paul’s Cathedral.
How many people died from Great London Fire?
On Sunday, September 2, 1666, London caught on fire. The city burned through Wednesday, and the fire—now known as The Great Fire of London—destroyed the homes of 70,000 out of the 80,000 inhabitants of the city. But for all that fire, the traditional death toll reported is extraordinarily low: just six verified deaths.
How many years did it take to rebuild London after the Great Fire?
30 years
Where did people go after the Fire of London?
Shanty towns appeared inside and outside the walls, whilst some constructed rudimentary shacks where their homes once stood. Others – especially pregnant women and the sick – were given refuge in any remaining churches, halls, taverns and houses, or in camps set up by the army.
Who was to blame for the Great Fire of London?
French watchmaker Robert Hubert confessed to starting the blaze and was hanged on October 27, 1666. Years later it was revealed he was at sea when the fire began, and could not have been responsible. There were other scapegoats, including people of Catholic faith and from overseas.
Did the Great Fire of London wipe out the plague?
In 1666 the Great Fire of London destroyed much of the centre of London, but also helped to kill off some of the black rats and fleas that carried the plague bacillus. In June 6137 people died, in July 17036 people and at its peak in August, 31159 people died.
How many houses burnt down in the Great Fire of London?
13,200 houses
Why are thatched roofs no longer allowed in London?
Whilst thatched roofs remain popular in rural England it has long been regarded as a dangerous material in cities. London’s first building begulation, the ordinance of 1212, banned the use of thatch to try to avoid the rapid spread of fire from one building to another.
What stopped the Black Plague?
The most popular theory of how the plague ended is through the implementation of quarantines. The uninfected would typically remain in their homes and only leave when it was necessary, while those who could afford to do so would leave the more densely populated areas and live in greater isolation.
What is the great plague pandemic?
The Great Plague of 1665 was the last and one of the worst of the centuries-long outbreaks, killing 100,000 Londoners in just seven months. All public entertainment was banned and victims were forcibly shut into their homes to prevent the spread of the disease.
How long did the 1720 plague last?
Over a two-year period, the bubonic plague spread throughout southeastern France, killing up to half of the residents of Marseille and as much as 20% of the population of Provence.
What was the first ever pandemic?
430 B.C.: Athens. The earliest recorded pandemic happened during the Peloponnesian War. After the disease passed through Libya, Ethiopia and Egypt, it crossed the Athenian walls as the Spartans laid siege. As much as two-thirds of the population died.
What was the last pandemic in the USA?
The 1918 influenza pandemic was the most severe pandemic in recent history. It was caused by an H1N1 virus with genes of avian origin. Although there is not universal consensus regarding where the virus originated, it spread worldwide during 1918-1919.
How long did the 1918 pandemic last in the United States?
The influenza pandemic of 1918–19, also called the Spanish flu, lasted between one and two years.
What animal did the Spanish flu come from?
The zoonotic and spatial origins of the influenza virus associated with the “Spanish flu” pandemic of 1918 have been debated for decades. Outbreaks of respiratory disease in US swine occurred concurrently with disease in humans, raising the possibility that the 1918 virus originated in pigs.
Is Spanish flu still around?
Descendants of the 1918 H1N1 virus make up the influenza viruses we’re fighting today. “The 1918 flu is still with us, in that sense,” said Ann Reid, the executive director of the National Center for Science Education who successfully sequenced the genetic makeup of the 1918 influenza virus in the 1990s.
Did 1918 flu come from pigs?
The 1918 flu pandemic in humans was associated with H1N1 and influenza appearing in pigs; this may reflect a zoonosis either from swine to humans, or from humans to swine. Although it is not certain in which direction the virus was transferred, some evidence suggests, in this case, pigs caught the disease from humans.
Where did the 1918 Spanish flu start?
Some medical historians and epidemiologists have theorized that the 1918 pandemic began in Asia, citing a lethal outbreak of pulmonary disease in China as the forerunner of the pandemic. Others have speculated the virus was spread by Chinese or Vietnamese laborers either crossing the United States or working in France.
How did H1N1 spread from pigs to humans?
The virus likely spreads from pig to pig through contact with infected mucous secretions. (When pigs are really sick, their mucous carries high levels of virus). Strains of swine flu virus also can be directly transmissible to humans. Most human infections occurred following direct contact with infected pigs.
Can you get swine flu from eating pork?
Can people catch swine flu/variant flu from eating pork? Swine influenza has not been shown to be transmissible to people through eating properly handled and prepared pork (pig meat) or other products derived from pigs.
How did swine flu jump to humans?
Transmission of swine influenza viruses to humans is uncommon. However, the swine influenza virus can be transmitted to humans via contact with infected pigs or environments contaminated with swine influenza viruses.
What 3 stages do viruses have to move through?
Pathogenic mechanisms of viral disease include (1) implantation of virus at the portal of entry, (2) local replication, (3) spread to target organs (disease sites), and (4) spread to sites of shedding of virus into the environment.