How do you calculate Macrostates? The probability of finding any given macrostate is the ratio of the number of its microstates to the total number of possible microstates. For example, the probability of getting 2 heads is W (n)/ W (all) = 3/8. Things get more tricky if you have many coins, like 100, for […]
What is the leak rate threshold for comfort cooling appliances?
What is the leak rate threshold for comfort cooling appliances? Owners/operators must identify and repair leaks that exceed 30% for IPR, 20% for commercial refrigeration, and 10% for comfort cooling and other appliances within 30 days of when the ozone- depleting refrigerant is added. Leaks must be repaired such that the leak rate is brought […]
What four things do you need to check when taking measurements?
What four things do you need to check when taking measurements? When most people make a measurement, they assume it will be good enough….Four Steps To Ensure Measurement Data Quality What do you measure that’s important? How good do your measurements need to be? How do you know they are good enough? In the future, […]
What is the end result of cytokinesis?
What is the end result of cytokinesis? During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm of the cell is divided in half, and the cell membrane grows to enclose each cell, forming two separate cells as a result. The end result of mitosis and cytokinesis is two genetically identical cells where only one cell existed before. Does meiosis result […]
What mutation causes antibiotic resistance?
What mutation causes antibiotic resistance? Ribosomal mutations promote the evolution of antibiotic resistance in a multidrug environment. eLife, 2017; 6 DOI: 10.7554/eLife. 20420. What factors contribute to antibiotic resistance? In summary, the 6 main causes of antibiotic resistance have been linked to: Over-prescription of antibiotics. Patients not finishing the entire antibiotic course. Overuse of antibiotics […]
What are disadvantages of iodine?
What are disadvantages of iodine? Excessive iodine consumption can lead to similar symptoms as iodine deficiency, including thyroid dysfunction and goiter. Too much iodine may lead to thyroiditis and thyroid papillary cancer. At very high levels, iodine poisoning can cause: burning of the mouth, throat, and stomach. What is the best iodine supplement on the […]
What is heating and cooling curve?
What is heating and cooling curve? Heating curves show how the temperature changes as a substance is heated up. Cooling curves are the opposite. They show how the temperature changes as a substance is cooled down. What materials change when heated or cooled? We can change a material into its other states by heating it […]
What is the average kinetic energy of H2?
What is the average kinetic energy of H2? (b) What is the average kinetic energy of the H2(g) molecules? The average kinetic energy of the H2(g) molecules is 6.2 × 10−21 J because both gases are at the same temperature. Do all molecules have the same kinetic energy? Not all molecules will have the same […]
How do you explain the slope?
How do you explain the slope? Slope is calculated by finding the ratio of the “vertical change” to the “horizontal change” between (any) two distinct points on a line. Sometimes the ratio is expressed as a quotient (“rise over run”), giving the same number for every two distinct points on the same line. What is […]
Is the image real or virtual erect or inverted?
Is the image real or virtual erect or inverted? Real images (images on the same side of the object) are always inverted. Virtual images (images on opposite side of an object) are always erect/ upright. How do you tell if an image is real or virtual? (You will have no trouble remembering this if you […]