How do you manipulate an independent variable?

How do you manipulate an independent variable? Again, to manipulate an independent variable means to change its level systematically so that different groups of participants are exposed to different levels of that variable, or the same group of participants is exposed to different levels at different times. How can you minimize the effects of extraneous […]

Why do toilets flush the opposite way in Australia?

Why do toilets flush the opposite way in Australia? Because of the rotation of the Earth, the Coriolis effect means that hurricanes and other giant storm systems swirl counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. In theory, the draining water in a toilet bowl (or a bathtub, or any vessel) should […]

Do anions have higher first ionization energy?

Do anions have higher first ionization energy? When electrons are added to an atom there are more electron-electron replusions causing electrons to spread out more in space. Thus, anions are larger than their parent atoms. The first ionization energy of an atom is the energy required to remove the first valence electron from a neutral […]

What is the process of nitrification?

What is the process of nitrification? Nitrification is a microbial process by which reduced nitrogen compounds (primarily ammonia) are sequentially oxidized to nitrite and nitrate. Ammonia is present in drinking water through either naturally-occurring processes or through ammonia addition during secondary disinfection to form chloramines. What are the steps of nitrification? In general, the nitrogen […]

What are the characteristics of a warm front?

What are the characteristics of a warm front? Warm fronts are typically characterized by a transition from southeasterly to southwesterly winds. Unlike cold fronts, winds along the front itself are generally light and variable. Warm fronts, as their name implies, are also characterized by a rise in temperature, but also humidity. When a weather front […]

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