How do you calculate head pressure on a well?

How do you calculate head pressure on a well?

Determine Bottom Hole Pressure from Wellhead Pressure in a Dry Gas Well

1. Pwh = wellhead pressure in psia (absolute pressure)
2. H = true vertical depth of the well.
3. Sg = specific gravity of gas.
4. R = 53.36 ft-lb/lb-R (gas constant for API standard condition air)
5. Tav = average temperature in Rankin (Rankin = Fahrenheit + 460)

What does a well head do?

A wellhead is the component at the surface of an oil or gas well that provides the structural and pressure-containing interface for the drilling and production equipment.

How much pressure is in an oil well?

The normal hydrostatic pressure gradient for freshwater is 0.433 pounds per square inch per foot (psi/ft), or 9.792 kilopascals per meter (kPa/m), and 0.465 psi/ft for water with dissolved solids like in Gulf Coast waters, or 10.516 kPa/m.

What are the main components of well head and what is the function of each one?

There are three main casing components: the head, spool, and hangers. The casing head is there to help isolate the surface casing from any external factors. The head also helps support the weight that workers impose while drilling.

What is flowing tubing head pressure?

The tubing head pressure is the pressure on the tubing, which is measured at the wellhead. By restricting the flow, the tubing head pressure will increase and the casing head pressure decrease. This apparently low pressure is accounted for by the large size of the orifice at the surface.

What is a well header?

The Validated Well Header provides confidence in the data and allows you to see all of the well bores associated to a single hole in the ground, with detailed header information, orthorecified surface locations and verified ground elevations. An H-diagram provides a visual representation of the well system.

What is kill manifold?

Kill manifolds are often used in the oilfield when drilling, Kill manifolds are designed and manufactured in accordance with API 6A&API 16C standards. They are specifically made for injecting heavy mud, water and extinguishant during drilling.

What is a tubing head?

The Tubing Head is the uppermost spool in a wellhead assembly. It provides a means to support and seal a tubing string. The upper section has a straight type bowl and a 45 degree load shoulder to support and seal the tubing string by means of a tubing hanger.

What is bottom hole pressure?

Bottom hole pressure is the pressure at the bottom of the hole, usually measured in pounds per square inch. In a flowing well the bottom hole pressure is equal to the pressure drop in the tubing plus the wellhead pressure. The reservoir or formation pressure at the bottom of the hole is known as bottom hole pressure.

How is bottom hole pressure controlled?

Rotating head. During circulating with a rotating head the bottom hole pressure is equal to the hydrostatic pressure on the annular side, plus the annular pressure loss, plus the rotating head backpressure.

How do you find bottom hole pressure?

Bottom Hole Pressure Relationship

1. Bottom Hole Pressure (BHP) = Surface Pressure (SP) + Hydrostatic Pressure (HP)
2. The first case: Hydrostatic column is water which is equal to formation pressure gradient so SP is equal to 0 psi.

What is abnormal pressure?

Abnormal Pressure is the fluid pressure of the reservoir pore which is different from the normal gradient pressure of saltwater. This pressure is linked with pressure which is higher than the normal pressure, the raised difficulty for well designer and raised risks of the well control problems.

What is abnormal pressure in oil field?

A subsurface condition in which the pore pressure of a geologic formation exceeds or is less than the expected, or normal, formation pressure.

What causes abnormal pressure?

Abnormal formation pressures may result from local and regional faulting, folding, lateral sliding and slipping, squeezing caused by down-dropping of fault blocks, diapiric shale andlor salt movements, volcanism, earthquakes and other tectonic activities. Associated erosion and deposition are also significant factors.

What are the reason to have abnormal pressure in gas fields?

In young (Tertiary) deltaic sequences, compaction disequilibrium is the dominant cause of abnormal pressure. In older (pre-Tertiary) lithified rocks, hydrocarbon generation, aquathermal expansion, and tectonics are most often cited as the causes of abnormal pressure.

What is the most common mechanism which leads to abnormal pressure?

The cause of abnormal pressures is largely mechanical loading of a relatively impermeable mudstone, and it seems likely that the pore pressures in such mudstones have never been normal hydrostatic.

What is formation pressure?

1. n. [Geology] The pressure of fluids within the pores of a reservoir, usually hydrostatic pressure, or the pressure exerted by a column of water from the formation’s depth to sea level.

What is the immediate effect of swabbing?

Swabbing is a condition when the string is pulled out of the well and it creates temporary bottom hole pressure reduction. If the hydrostatic pressure reduction is large enough to create underbalance condition, the well will eventually flow.

What is surging and swabbing?

Surge is additional pressure due to pipe movement downward and swab is reduction of pressure due to upward movement of drill string. Bottom hole pressure is reduced due to swabbing effect. Bottom hole pressure is increased due to surging effect.

What is riser margin?

The slight increase in mud weight needed to offset the loss in hydrostatic pressure when the riser is disconnected from the ss bope and the hydrostatic pressure of the mud from rkb to the mud line is replaced by the hydrostatic pressure of weight of the column of sea water from sea level to the mud line.