What happens to magma when crystal settling occurs quizlet?
Crystal settling is a process that occurs during the crytallization of magma in which the earlier formed minerals are denser than the liquid portion and settle to the bottom of the magma chamber. They concentrate in remaining liquid by crystallization of more common minerals.
What is the definition of magma mixing?
Magma mixing is the process by which two magmas meet, comingle, and form a magma of a composition somewhere between the two end-member magmas. Here, due to heat transfer and increased volatile flux from subduction, the silicic crust melts to form a felsic magma (essentially granitic in composition).
What is the process of magmatic differentiation?
Differentiation is the process by which magmas evolve to give rise to a variety of magmas and rock types (that have different compositions). Therefore, certain physical processes are required to cause the chemical diversification of a magma (i.e. its differentiation).
What do rhyolite and granite have in common?
Summary: Granite is plutonic and rhyolite is volcanic. They have very similar compositions but one is erupted onto Earth’s surface and the other crystallises at depth. As a result, plutonic rocks are coarse-grained and volcanic rocks are fine-grained.
What is a liquid line of descent?
Liquid line of descent: The chemical trend (or gradation in composition) exhibited by an igneous rock series if and when such a trend is interpreted to represent a change in the chemical composition of the parental magma of this series due to the process of fractional crystallization.
What is primary magma?
Magma (from Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma) meaning “thick unguent”) is the molten or semi-molten natural material from which all igneous rocks are formed. During their storage in the crust, magma compositions may be modified by fractional crystallization, contamination with crustal melts, magma mixing, and degassing.
How is Bowen’s reaction series useful?
Bowen’s reaction series is able to explain why certain types of minerals tend to be found together while others are almost never associated with one another. Based upon Bowen’s work, one can infer from the minerals present in a rock the relative conditions under which the material had formed.
Is Basalt a rock?
Basalt, extrusive igneous (volcanic) rock that is low in silica content, dark in colour, and comparatively rich in iron and magnesium.
What do basalt rocks look like?
Basalt is usually dark grey to black in colour, due to its high content of augite or other dark-coloured pyroxene minerals, but can exhibit a wide range of shading. Some basalts are quite light-coloured due to a high content of plagioclase, and these are sometimes described as leucobasalts.
What type of rock is most difficult to identify?
metamorphic rock