What happens to molecules during oxidation?
Oxidation occurs when a molecule loses an electron or increases its oxidation state. When a molecule is oxidized, it loses energy. In contrast, when a molecule is reduced, it gains one or more electrons. As you might have guessed, the molecule gains energy in the process.
How does oxidation of a molecule occur without oxygen?
If oxygen is present, the cell can extract substantial chemical energy by breaking down pyruvate through the citric acid cycle, which converts NADH back to NAD+. Without oxidation, the cell must use fermentation to oxidize NADH before it builds up to unhealthy levels.
Which of the following is associated with the whole process of oxidative phosphorylation?
Oxidative phosphorylation is made up of two closely connected components: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one molecule to another, and energy released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical gradient.
What is the final product of oxidative phosphorylation?
ATP
What is oxidative phosphorylation and where does it occur?
Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH 2 to O 2 by a series of electron carriers. This process, which takes place in mitochondria, is the major source of ATP in aerobic organisms (Figure 18.1).
How are 32 ATP produced?
In a eukaryotic cell, the process of cellular respiration can metabolize one molecule of glucose into 30 to 32 ATP. The process of glycolysis only produces two ATP, while all the rest are produced during the electron transport chain.
Why do eukaryotes only produce 36 ATP?
Why do eukaryotes generate only about 36 ATP per glucose in aerobic respiration but prokaryotes may generate about 38 ATP? A) eukaryotes have a less efficient electron transport system. eukaryotes do not transport as much hydrogen across the mitochondrial membrane as prokaryotes do across the cytoplasmic membrane.
Do plants use ATP?
In addition to mitochondrial ATP synthesis, plants can also make ATP by a similar process during the light reactions of photosynthesis within their chloroplasts. This is an especially vital source of ATP for plants because ATP is also needed for them to synthesize glucose in the first place.
How much ATP does photosynthesis produce?
Three ATP molecules will be made, provided photosystem I recycles one electron in order to contribute two protons to the proton motive force.