What is a non substitutable resource?
A resource is nonsubstitutable when competitors cannot find alternative ways to gain the benefits that a resource provides.
What is Barney’s VRIO framework?
VRIO is an acronym for a four-question framework of value, rarity, imitability, and organization. It is used to uncover “sustained competitive advantage.” The four components of VRIO analysis are typically approached in the style of a decision tree: Value: Do you offer a resource that adds value for customers?
What is the rarity of resources?
Rarity is when a firm has a valuable resource or capability that is unique. A firm’s resources and capabilities must have both short supply and persistence over time, which means the product must have good circulation cycle and must be persistently in demand.
What is VRHN model?
Threshold – Minimum – Find out with help of key success factors. Unique – VRHN – Critical success factors. Core competences are the skills and abilities by which resources are deployed through an organization’s activities and process such as to achieve competitive advantage in ways that others cannot imitate or obtain.
Is Porter’s 5 forces internal or external?
As the name suggests, there are five factors that makeup Porter’s 5 Forces. They are all external, so they have little to do with the internal structure of a corporation: Industry competition: A higher degree of competition means the power of competing companies decreases.
What are the two assumptions of resource based model?
Intangible resources usually stay within a company and are the main source of sustainable competitive advantage. The two critical assumptions of RBV are that resources must also be heterogeneous and immobile.
What is causal ambiguity?
Causal ambiguity describes a lack of understanding of cause-and-effect interactions between resources and competitive advantage. Specifically, we suggest actions that deliberately manage causal ambiguity can be a strategic capability and extend competitive advantages.
How does causal ambiguity act as an isolating mechanism?
How does causal ambiguity act as an isolating mechanism for organizations? It makes it difficult for the competitors to understand why a company has been so successful. A firm will fail to create a sustained competitive advantage when the: fit between its internal strengths and the external environment is static.
What is barriers to imitation?
Others have argued that economies of scale, switching costs, first mover advantage, and so forth, constitute barriers to imitation.
What are isolating mechanisms in business?
Isolating mechanisms protect individual firms from competition within a particular strategic group or while being uniquely positioned in the industry. Resource uniqueness and causal ambiguity are at the heart of isolating mechanisms (Lippman and Rumelt Bell J Econ 13: 418–437, 1982).
What are isolating mechanisms and how do they operate?
Isolating mechanisms are the ways in which groups of organisms become separated for long enough to develop into different species. They help cause speciation. Some examples include geographic, temporal, reproductive, and behavioral isolation.
Why are hybrid zones narrow?
Thus, hybrid populations are often found in areas devoid of stable ecological communities. Ecotones are one such area, and I suggest that stable hybrid zones are often narrow because they tend to occur in ecotones which are themselves narrow.
Why are hybrids not as fit?
Usually, hybrids tend to be less fit; therefore, reproduction to produce hybrids will diminish over time, which nudges the two species to diverge further in a process called reinforcement. This term is used because the low success of the hybrids reinforces the original speciation.
Are hybrid zones common?
Hybrid zones are thought to be less common in marine than terrestrial environments. However, blue mussel populations show extensive hybridisation worldwide and are a well studied example of a marine hybrid zone.
Why are hybrid finches rare?
Finches have grown apart genetically due to isolation, resulting in minimal cross breeding. This means that each finch population developed into its own species; therefore, breeding is minimal. Moreover, the offspring from these crosses are likely to have genetic diseases due to the mixed genes.
What is hybrid reinforcement?
Reinforcement is the process by which natural selection increases reproductive isolation. Reinforcement is a necessary requirement for both the parapatric and sympatric theories of speciation: it is the process by which a hybrid zone develops into a full species barrier. …
What are the three possible outcomes of hybrid zones?
When closely related species meet in a hybrid zone, there are three possible outcomes:
- Strengthening of reproductive barriers.
- Weakening of reproductive barriers.
- Continued formation of hybrid individuals.
What does hybrid sterility mean?
Hybrid sterility is defined as the inhibition or suppression of the reproductive. capacity of F1 or later generation hybrids between genetically different strains or. populations, usually belonging to different species.
Are hybrids new species?
Hybrid speciation is quite rare in animals, but it does occur naturally. In this scenario, the resulting hybrid population is an independent new species that is reproductively isolated from both parental species.