Which statement about the emotions that develop over the first two years of life is true?
Which statement about the emotions that develop over the first two years of life is true? They are expressed in speedy and uncensored reactions. What appears in an infant between 2 and 4 months of age? You just studied 119 terms!
What behavior develops at 6 weeks of age?
Your infant is starting to learn important ways to calm down, such as sucking on a fist when feeling upset. Tries to keep a parent in their line of sight. Babies at this age love looking at human faces more than anything, so this week, you’re the star of the show. Turns head toward sounds.
Which emotion develops in an infant at the latest age?
Infants begin showing a spontaneous “social smile” around age 2 to 3 months, and begin to laugh spontaneously around age 4 months. In addition, between ages 2 and 6 months, infants express other feelings such as anger, sadness, surprise, and fear. Between ages 5 and 6 months, babies begin to exhibit stranger anxiety.
What is one of the four categories of temperament suggested by the New York Longitudinal Study?
Galen described four basic temperaments – choleric, melancholic, sanguine, and phlegmatic – attributable to a preponderance of one or another of Hippocrates’s four cardinal humors, black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood.
Why is the strange situation culturally biased?
The Strange Situation was created and tested in the USA, which means that it may be culturally biased (ethnocentric), as it will reflect the norms and values of American culture. For example, the belief that attachment is related to anxiety on separation. This may not be the case in other cultures, e.g. Japan.
Why is the strange situation important?
The Strange Situation is a semi-structured laboratory procedure that allows us to identify, without lengthy home observation, infants who effectively use a primary caregiver as a secure base.
What are the consequences of culture bias?
Non-US participants in the Strange Situation study are going to be judged according to US standards and bench marks. Culturally Bias research in Psychology can lead to Imposed Etics: (a) An ETIC approach looks at behaviours from the outside of a given culture and attempts to describe behaviours that are universal.
Is the strange situation reliable?
The strange situation classification has been found to have good reliability. This means that it achieves consistent results. For example, a study conducted in Germany found 78% of the children were classified in the same way at ages 1 and 6 years (Wartner et al., 1994).
What is one of the main criticisms of the strange situation?
One criticism of the Strange Situation procedure is that it has focused almost exclusively on the mother-infant bond. In part, this may reflect a cultural bias. Many people who study attachment come from industrialized societies where mothers usually bear most of the responsibility for childcare.
Is the strange situation a controlled observation?
Ainsworth devised a controlled observation called the Strange Situation to assess types of attachment in 9–18 month old infants.
How does the strange situation work?
In this procedure of the Strange Situation the child is observed playing for 21 minutes while caregivers and strangers enter and leave the room, recreating the flow of the familiar and unfamiliar presence in most children’s lives. The situation varies in stressfulness and the child’s responses are observed.
What is the strange situation and what does it test?
The Strange Situation (Ainsworth et al. 1978) is a standardized observational procedure to assess infant-caregiver attachment relationship in infancy, developed according to Bowlby’s attachment theory (Bowlby 1968, 1973, 1980).
What is attachment insecurity?
In basic terms, insecure attachment is a relationship style where the bond is contaminated by fear. This is expressed mainly as reluctance in the relationship and other mixed emotions, such as dependence and rejection. Most psychologists believe that insecure attachment is formed in early childhood.
How does poor attachment affect the developing child?
Children with poor attachments tend to display poor socioemotional affects, such as, poor social, coping, and problem solving skills, tantrums, clingy, withdrawn, or aggressive behaviors, etc. These negative effects, often impacts the child throughout their developmental years.
How does attachment affect social and emotional development?
When there is a secure attachment, you learn how to trust others, how to respond emotionally, and how others will respond to you (Bowlby, 1982). In addition, secure attachment leads to the development of empathy. If a child sees herself as worthwhile and deserving of care, she is also able to see others that way.
How does attachment impact a child?
Attachment allows children the ‘secure base’ necessary to explore, learn and relate, and the wellbeing, motivation, and opportunity to do so. It is important for safety, stress regulation, adaptability, and resilience. Children’s attachment patterns are substantially influenced by those of their parents.
How does relationships influence a child well being?
Quality of relationship A securely attached child will learn that their parents/carer will comfort them when they are distressed, and they will develop a sense that they are worthy of being consoled and loved. This is essential for healthy development in the child, and will set them up for a good start in life.